Article 18: Matters excluded from patent protection The following shall be excluded from patent protection even if they constitute inventions under article 5 (7): of this Law; 1° discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods; 2° schemes, rules or methods for doing business, performing purely mental acts or playing games; 3° methods for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy, as well as diagnostic methods practiced on the human or animal body; nevertheless, this provision shall not apply to products for use in any of those methods; 4° substances, even if purified, synthesized or otherwise isolated from nature; nevertheless, this provision shall not apply to the processes of isolating those substances from their original environment; 5° known substances for which a new use has been discovered; this provision shall not apply to the use itself, where it constitutes an invention under article 5(7) of this Law; 6° plants and animals, including their parts, other than micro-organisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals and their parts, other than non-biological and microbiological processes and products obtained from those processes; 7° animal and plant varieties; 8° pharmaceutical products, for the purposes of international conventions to which Rwanda is party; 9° inventions whose commercial use is contrary to public order and to morality. The provisions of paragraph one of this article shall not apply to the following inventions: 1° process inventions which, in whole or in part, consist of steps that are performed by a computer and are directed by a computer program; and 2° product inventions consisting of elements of a computer-implemented invention, including in particular: a) machine-readable computer program code stored on a tangible medium such as a floppy disk, or any kind of disks or computer memory; and b) a general purpose computer whose novelty over the prior art arises primarily due to its combination with a specific computer program. The applicant who has filed patent applications for computer programs and computer-related inventions listed in paragraph (2) of this article has waived from his right of seeking copyright protection.