The law herein shall hold the seal of the State, and shall come into force as one of the laws thereof. Issued in the Presidency of the Republic on Rabia'a 1st 21, 1423 H (concurrent with June 2; 2002 A.D.) Hosni Mubarak --------------------------------------The section included below contains the part about copyrights withen the above law. Part III Copyrights and Neighboring Rights Article 138: The following terms shall in the application of the provisions of the Law herein, be deemed to have the following meaning: 1- Work: Any innovated work, in the literary, artistic or scientific domain whatever the type, manner of expression, significance or purpose of classification thereof is. 2- Creativity: The element of innovation that bestows authenticity upon the work. 3- The Author: The person who creates the work. Any person citing his name on the work or attributing same thereto, upon publication, as the author thereof, shall be deemed the author of such work; unless otherwise has been proven. Any person publishing an anonymous or pseudonymous work shall be deemed the author thereof; provided that no doubt is raised in respect of the true identity of the author; otherwise the publisher or producer whether a natural or juridical person, shall be deemed a representative on behalf of the author in exercising his rights; until the true identity of the author is recognized. 4- Works of collective - authorship: The work made by more than one author under the guidance of a natural or juridical person, who shall undertake publishing the work in his name and under his supervision. The works of such authors shall be incorporated in such work, for the general purpose aimed by such person, such that the works of each author may not be separated or distinguished independently. 5- Works of Joint - authorship: The work that may not be listed under the works of collective - authorship, and which is made by more than one person, whether the share of each person may be separated or not. 6- Derivative work: The work that originates from a preexisting work, such as translations, musical distributions, collections of works, including data bases which are legible either from the computer or elsewhere, and groups of folklore expressions, so long as such expressions are innovated in respect of the arrangement or choice of the contents thereof.