20 (6) A penalty shall not be imposed for any criminal offence that is severer in degree or description than the maximum penalty that might have been imposed for that offence at the time when it was committed. (7) A person who has been tried by a competent court for a criminal offence and either convicted or acquitted shall not again be tried for that offence or for any other criminal offence of which that person could have been convicted at the trial for the offence, save upon the order of a superior court made in the course of appeal or review proceedings relating to the conviction or acquittal. (8) A person shall not be tried for a criminal offence where that person has been pardoned for that offence. (9) A person who is tried for a criminal offence shall not be compelled to give evidence at the trial. (10) Any court or other adjudicating authority prescribed by law for the determination of the existence or extent of any civil right or obligation shall be established by law and shall be independent and impartial; and where proceedings for such a determination are instituted by any person before such a court or other adjudicating authority, the case shall be given a fair hearing within a reasonable time. (11) All proceedings of every court or adjudicating authority shall be held in public. (12) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (11), a court or adjudicating authority ­ (a) (b) may, unless it is otherwise provided by Act of Parliament, exclude from its proceedings persons other than the parties and their legal representatives to such extent as the court may consider ­ (i) in circumstances where publicity may unduly prejudice the interests of defence, public safety, public order, justice, or public morality or would prejudice the welfare of persons under the age of eighteen years or as the court may deem appropriate; or (ii) in interlocutory proceedings; shall, where it is so prescribed by a law that is reasonably required in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, justice, public morality, the welfare of persons under the age of eighteen years or the protection of the private lives of the persons concerned in the proceedings, exclude from its proceedings persons, other than the parties and their legal representatives, to such extent as is so prescribed. (13) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of ­ (a) subsection (2) (a) to the extent that the law in question imposes upon any person charged with a criminal offence the burden of proving particular facts; (b) subsection (2) (e) to the extent that the law in question prohibits legal representation before a Swazi Court or before any Swazi court hearing appeals from such a court; 20