The increase of the public’s role in the operation of telecommunications does not lessen the basic principle stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, i.e. that the earth and water and the natural wealth contained therein are controlled by the state and used to the maximum extent for the people’s welfare. Therefore, matters related to the use of radio frequency spectrum and satellite orbit, being a limited natural resource, is controlled by the state. In staying focused on the direction and policy of national development and with due observance of ongoing developments, nationally and internationally, especially in the field of telecommunications technology, the legal norms applicable to the guidance and operation of telecommunications as regulated in Law No. 3 of 1989 on Telecommunication, need to be replaced. ARTICLE BY ARTICLE Article 1 - Self-explanatory. Article 2 The operation of telecommunications shall truly be based on the principle of national development, giving priority to the principle of benefit, the principle of just and equitable distribution, the principle of legal certainty and the principle of self confidence, as well as paying attention to the principle of safety, cooperation and ethics. The principle of benefit means that the development of telecommunications, especially telecommunications operations, will be more efficient and productive, whether as infrastructure development, government operations facilities, educational facilities, communication facilities as well as an economic commodity which has the capability to further improve the public’s welfare. The principle of just and equitable distribution means that telecommunications operations shall give the same opportunity and treatment to all qualified parties and the benefits are thereof enjoyed by the public on a just and equitable basis The legal certainty principle means that telecommunications development, especially telecommunications operations, must be based on statutory regulations ensuring legal certainty, and providing legal protection to investors, telecommunication operators as well as to telecommunications users. The self confidence principle is carried out by maximizing the potential of national resources efficiently as well mastery of telecommunications technology, in order as a nation to increase our independence and reduce our dependence in facing global competition.