In Mozambique, the following steps have been taken: • accession to the World Trade Organization and, consequently, the incorporation into domestic legislation of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); • the ratification, through Resolution 2/94 of 24 August 1994, of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity; • the approval of the Policy on Traditional Medicine through Council of Ministers Resolution No. 11/2004 of 14 April 2004; • the current debate on the draft “Law on Traditional Medicine”; • the current debate on the draft “Regulation on access to and the sharing of the benefits deriving from genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge ”. In terms of institutional framework, the question of traditional knowledge remains a crosscutting issue and a range of sectors have introduced mechanisms to deal with it, such as: • The Department of Traditional Medicine in the National Health Institute, under the Ministry of Health; • The National Commission on Sustainable Development, under the Ministry of the Environment; • ARPAC, the Cultural Heritage Archive, under the Ministry of Education and Culture; • The associations of practitioners of traditional medicine such as Anmetramo, Prometra, Avemetramo, etc. The intellectual property system could represent the best means of incentivizing the identification of traditional knowledge and the granting of rights in it and, consequently, the introduction of mechanisms for sharing benefits and recompensing the holders of this kind of knowledge. These measures could stimulate collaboration between the holders of traditional knowledge and researchers, thereby leading to a more extensive analysis of the existing potential of traditional knowledge about resources and contributing to knowledge of them, their industrialization and their use for the benefit of humanity.