body established under the law shall be a non-profit legal person, and may, after being authorized, make
rights claims in its own name for a copyright owner or a copyright-related rights holder and may act as a
party to litigation, arbitration or mediation proceedings involving the copyright or copyright-related rights.
A collective copyright management body shall collect royalties from users as authorized. The rates of
royalties shall be negotiated and determined between the collective copyright management body and the
representative of the users. Where the negotiations fail, an application for ruling may be made to the State
copyright authority; and a lawsuit may be filed with a people's court if either party disagrees with the ruling;
or a lawsuit may be directly filed with a people's court by either party.
A collective copyright management body shall regularly disclose to the public overall situations including the
collection and transfer of royalties, withdrawal and use of management fees and the undistributed part of
royalties and establish a system for enquiry of information on rights for right owners and users. The State
copyright authority shall supervise and regulate collective copyright management bodies in accordance with
the law.
The method of establishment, rights and obligations, collection and distribution of copyright royalties, and
supervision and regulation of collective copyright management bodies shall be separately stipulated by the
State Council.
Chapter II Copyright
Section 1 Copyright Owners and Their Rights
Article 9 The term "copyright owners" shall include:
1. Authors; and
2. Other natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations that enjoy copyright under this
Law.
Article 10 The term "copyright" shall include the following moral rights and economic rights:
1. The right of publication, i.e., the right to decide whether or not to make a work available to the public;
2. The right of authorship, i.e., the right to claim authorship of a work by being named on the work as its
author;
3. The right of modification, i.e., the right to modify or authorize others to modify a work;
4. The right of integrity, i.e., the right to protect a work against misrepresentation and distortion;
5. The right of reproduction, i.e., the right to make one or more copies of a work by printing, photocopying,
rubbing, sound or visual recording, recopying or digitalization thereof, or any other means;
6. The right of distribution, i.e., the right to provide the original or a reproduction of a work to the public by
means of sale or gift;
7. The right of rental, i.e., the right to permit others to temporarily use the original copy or any reproduced
copy of any audio-visual work or computer software, except where the computer software itself is not the
main subject matter of the rental arrangement;
8. The right of exhibition, i.e., the right to publicly display the original or a reproduction of a work of fine art
or photographic work;
9. The right of performance, i.e., the right to publicly perform a work or to broadcast to the public the
performance of a work by various means;
10. The right of projection, i.e., the right to publicly represent a work of fine art, photographic work, or
audio-visual work by means of technical equipment such as a film projector or slide projector;
11. The right of broadcasting, i.e., the right to communicate or relay a work to the public by wired or wireless
means, and the right to communicate to the public through loudspeaker or any other analogous instrument
transmitting the broadcast of a work by symbols, sounds or images, excluding the rights stipulated in item 12
of this paragraph;
12. The right of communication by information networks, i.e., the right to make a work available to the public
by wired or wireless means so that the public can access the work at a place and time of their choice;
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