Penal Code
37
Explanation 1—Persons falling under any of the above descriptions
are public servants, whether appointed by the Government or not.
Explanation 2—Wherever the words “public servant” occur, they
shall be understood of every person who is in actual possession of the
situation of a public servant, whatever legal defect there may be in his
right to hold that situation.
“Movable property”
22. The words “movable property” are intended to include
corporeal property of every description, except land and things
attached to the earth, or permanently fastened to anything which
is attached to the earth.
ILLUSTRATION
Writings, relating to real or personal property or rights, are movable
property.
“Wrongful gain” and “wrongful loss”
23. “Wrongful gain” is gain by unlawful means of property to
which the person gaining is not legally entitled.
“Wrongful loss” is the loss by unlawful means of property to
which the person losing it is legally entitled.
A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains
wrongfully, as well as when such person acquires wrongfully.
A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully
kept out of any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully
deprived of property.
“Dishonestly”
24. Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful
gain to one person, or wrongful loss to another person, irrespective
of whether the act causes actual wrongful loss or gain, is said to
do that thing “dishonestly”.
Explanation—In relation to the offence of criminal misappropriation or
criminal breach of trust it is immaterial whether there was an intention
to defraud or to deceive any person.