8 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) (xix) (xx) (xxi) (d) features, structures and artefacts associated with military history which are older than 75 years and the sites on which they are found; (ii) ‘‘conservation’’, in relation to heritage resources, includes protection, maintenance, preservation and sustainable use of places or objects so as to safeguard their cultural significance; (vi) ‘‘Council’’ means the Council of the South African Heritage Resources Agency established in terms of section 14; (xxxv) ‘‘cultural property agreement’’ in relation to a foreign state, means an agreement between South Africa and a foreign state or an international agreement to which South Africa and a foreign state are both parties, relating to the prevention of illicit international traffic in cultural property; (xx) ‘‘cultural significance’’ means aesthetic, architectural, historical, scientific, social, spiritual, linguistic or technological value or significance; (xix) ‘‘Department’’ means the national department responsible for arts and culture and heritage; (viii) ‘‘development’’ means any physical intervention, excavation, or action, other than those caused by natural forces, which may in the opinion of a heritage authority in any way result in a change to the nature, appearance or physical nature of a place, or influence its stability and future well-being, including— (a) construction, alteration, demolition, removal or change of use of a place or a structure at a place; (b) carrying out any works on or over or under a place; (c) subdivision or consolidation of land comprising, a place, including the structures or airspace of a place; (d) constructing or putting up for display signs or hoardings; (e) any change to the natural or existing condition or topography of land; and (f) any removal or destruction of trees, or removal of vegetation or topsoil; (xxix) ‘‘Director-General’’ means the Director-General of the Department; (ix) ‘‘expropriate’’ means the process as determined by the terms of and according to procedures prescribed in the Expropriation Act, 1975 (Act No. 63 of 1975); (xxviii) ‘‘foreign cultural property’’, in relation to a reciprocating state, means any object that is specifically designated by that state as being of importance for archaeology, history, literature, art or science; (vii) ‘‘Gazette’’ means the Government Gazette; (xl) ‘‘grave’’ means a place of interment and includes the contents, headstone or other marker of such a place, and any other structure on or associated with such place; (xvi) ‘‘heritage agreement’’ means an agreement referred to in section 42; (xiii) ‘‘heritage register’’ means a list of heritage resources in a province; (xiv) ‘‘heritage resource’’ means any place or object of cultural significance; (xi) ‘‘heritage resources authority’’ means the South African Heritage Resources Agency, established in terms of section 11, or, insofar as this Act is applicable in or in respect of a province, a provincial heritage resources authority; (xii) ‘‘heritage site’’ means a place declared to be a national heritage site by SAHRA or a place declared to be a provincial heritage site by a provincial heritage resources authority; (xv) ‘‘improvement’’, in relation to heritage resources, includes the repair, restoration and rehabilitation of a place protected in terms of this Act; (xivl) ‘‘land’’ includes land covered by water and the air space above the land; (xvii) ‘‘living heritage’’ means the intangible aspects of inherited culture, and may include— (a) cultural tradition; (b) oral history; (c) performance; (d) ritual; (e) popular memory; 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55