When deciding penalties, the courts shall base themselves on the provisions of the Penal Code, taking into consideration the nature and extent of danger posed to society by the acts of offense, the personal records of the offenders, and any circumstances that extenuate or aggravate the penal liability. Article 46.- Circumstances extenuating penal liability 1. The following circumstances are considered as extenuating the penal liability: a) Offenders have prevented and/or reduced the harm caused by their offenses; b) Offenders volunteer to repair, compensate for the damage or overcome the consequences; c) Crimes are committed in cases where it is beyond the limit of legitimate defense; d) Crimes are committed in cases where it is beyond the requirements of the urgent situation; e) Crimes are committed in cases where offenders are mentally incited by the illegal acts of the victims or other persons; f) Crimes are committed due to particular difficulty plights not caused by themselves; g) Crimes are committed but no damage or minor damage is caused; h) Crimes are committed by first time offenders and in cases of less serious crimes; i) Crimes are committed due to threats and/or coercion by other persons; j) Crimes are committed due to ignorance; k) Offenders are pregnant women; l) Offenders are aged persons; m) Offenders are persons suffering from illnesses that restrict their cognitive capability or the capability to control their acts; n) Offenders give themselves up; o) Offenders make honest declarations and reports and show their repentance; p) Offenders who actively help responsible bodies detect and investigate the crimes; q) The offenders have redeemed their faults with achievements;