SECTION 4: OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHTS Article 222: Original ownership of copyrights The original owner of moral and economic rights is the author who has created the work. Article 223: Presumption of authorship The natural person whose name is indicated as the author on a work in the usual manner shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to be the author of the work and, in this capacity, shall be entitled to exercise and enforce the moral and economic rights of the author. This provision shall be applicable even if the name is a pseudonym, where the pseudonym leaves no doubt as to the identity of the author. In the case of an anonymous or pseudonymous work, subject where the pseudonym leaves no doubt as to the identity of the author, the publisher whose name appears on the work shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to represent the author and, in this capacity, shall be entitled to exercise and enforce the moral and economic rights of the author. The provisions of this paragraph shall cease to apply when the author reveals his or her identity and ownership. Article 224: Ownership of a work of joint authorship The co-authors shall be the original owners of the moral and economic rights. Where a work of joint authorship can not be used separately, the co-authors shall be the owners jointly but each of those persons may willingly assign his or her part and shall undertake separate proceedings for infringement. If, a work of joint authorship consists of parts that can be used separately and can be reproduced, performed or executed in a different manner, the author of each part can be entitled the rights on the part that shows personal contribution on that work, until otherwise stipulated in contract, but in this case the author of a part shall remain one of the co-authors of the whole work. Article 225: Ownership of a collective work The original owner of the moral and economic rights for a collective work shall be the physical person or moral entity who has initiated its creation and under whose responsibility the work has been created. Article 226: Ownership of a work created in relation with employment contract In respect of a work created by an author employed by a physical person or legal entity in the course of his or her employment, the original owner of the moral and economic rights shall be, unless provided otherwise in a contract, the employed author. However, the economic rights shall be deemed assigned to the employer or his or her representative to the extent