Penal Code 41 “A will” 31. The words “a will” denote any testamentary document. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions 32. In every part of this Code, except where a contrary intention appears from the context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions. “Act” and “omission” 33. The word “act” denotes as well a series of acts as a single act: the word “omission” denotes as well a series of omissions as a single omission. Each of several persons liable for an act done by all, in like manner as if done by him alone 34. When a criminal act is done by several persons, in furtherance of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if the act were done by him alone. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention 35. Whenever an act, which is criminal only by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention, is done by several persons, each of such persons who joins in the act with such knowledge or intention, is liable for the act in the same manner as if the act were done by him alone with that knowledge or intention. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission 36. Wherever the causing of a certain effect, or an attempt to cause that effect, by an act or by an omission, is an offence, it is to be understood that the causing of that effect partly by an act and partly by an omission is the same offence.