Laws without leaving an heir or legatee, his/ her share shall be transferred to his co-authors or their successors, unless there is an agreement to the contrary. Article 20 1. The author’s financial rights guaranteed under this law shall be protected for the life of the author and for a period of fifty years from the date of his/ her death. 2. The financial rights of joint works shall be protected throughout the life of all co-authors and for a period of fifty years after the death of the last surviving one. 3. The financial rights of authors of collective works, with the exception of authors of works of applied art, shall be protected for a period of fifty years starting from the date of its publication or first availability to the public, whichever is earlier, this is if the work’s copyright holder is a legal entity. If the holder of these rights is a natural person, then the protection period shall be in accordance with the rule stipulated in Paragraphs (1) and (2). Financial rights of the works published for the first time after the death of their authors shall expire by the lapse of fifty years starting from the date of their publication or first made available to the public, whichever is earlier. 4. Financial rights of the works published without the name of their author or under a pseudonym shall be protected for a period of fifty years starting from the date of their publication or first availability, whichever is earlier, except if their author is a known and identified person or if their author reveals his/ her personality, then the protection period shall be in accordance with the rule stipulated in Paragraph (1). 5. The financial rights of the authors of works of applied art shall expire after the lapse of fifty six years from the date on which the work is published or made available to the public for the first time, whichever is earlier. 6. In the cases in which protection is calculated from the date of publishing the work or making it available to the public for the first time, the first publication or the first availability to the public whichever is the earlier shall be taken as a basis for calculating the period, regardless of whether the work is republished or made available to the public again, unless the author makes substantial amendments to his/ her work upon reOfficial Gazette of Iraqi Issue No. (1957) 8 Date: 21/01/1971