system] (PKI/CA), service supply systems for Internet connection and access of service providers on telecom networks, the Internet and [providers of] other added value services in cyberspace; (c) IT services and applications comprising online services; and IT applications with network connection serving management and operation by agencies, organizations and important financial and economic groups; and the national database. Online services comprise e-government, e-commerce, websites, online forums, social networking and blogs; (d) IT infrastructure of smart cities2, the internet of things, complex virtual reality systems, cloud computing, large data systems, fast data systems and artificial intelligence systems. 6. International network gateway means the place where transmission and reception of network signals takes place between Vietnam and other countries and territories. 7. Cybercrime means activities of using cyberspace, IT or e-facilities to commit a crime as regulated [defined] in the Criminal Code. 8. Cyberattack means an act of using cyberspace, IT or e-facilities to destroy [hack] and/or interrupt the operation of telecom networks, the Internet, computer networks, information systems, information processing and control systems, and databases or e-facilities of agencies, organizations and individuals. 9. Cyberterrorism means using cyberspace, IT or e-facilities to commit an act of terrorism or terrorist financing. 10. Cyberespionage means a deliberate act of bypassing a warning, access code, other code or firewall or using the administration right of another person or other means to unlawfully appropriate or collect information or information resources on a telecom network, the Internet, a computer network, an information system, an information processing and control system, a database or e-facility of an agency, organization or individual. 11. Digital account means information used to authenticate, verify and/or delegate power to use applications and services in cyberspace. 12. Cybersecurity threat means a situation occurring in cyberspace which presents indications of a threat to infringe national security, and/or to cause serious harm to social order and safety and/or to the lawful rights and interests of agencies, organizations and individuals. 13. Cybersecurity incident [or breakdown] means any unusual occurrence in cyberspace which infringes upon national security, social order and safety and/or the lawful rights and interests of organizations and individuals. 14. Dangerous cybersecurity situation means an occurrence in cyberspace when there is an act which seriously infringes national security [or] causes particularly serious harm to social order and safety and/or to the lawful rights and interests of agencies, organizations and individuals. Article 3 State policies on cybersecurity 1. Prioritizing cybersecurity protection in national defence and security, socio-economic development, science and technology, and foreign relations. 2. Building a healthy cyberspace which does not cause harm to national security, social order and safety or to the lawful rights and interests of agencies, organizations and individuals. 2 Allens footnote: The literal translation is "smart urban areas". Allens - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 2