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Article 10
The State guarantees to all citizens the public and individual freedoms, notably:
• the freedom to circulate and to establish themselves in all parts of the territory of the Republic;
the freedom to enter and to exit the national territory;
the freedom of opinion and of thought;
the freedom of expression;
the freedom of assembly;
the freedom of association and the freedom to adhere to any political or syndical organization of
their choice;
the freedom of commerce and of industry;
the freedom of intellectual, artistic, and scientific creation;
Liberty cannot be limited except by the law.
Article 11
The political parties and groups concur in the formation and to the expression of the political will.
They are formed and they exercise their activities freely under the condition of respecting the
democratic principles and of not infringing, by their object or by their action[,] the national
sovereignty, the territorial integrity, and the unity of the Nation and of the Republic.
The law establishes the conditions of creation, of functioning, and of dissolution of the political
parties.
Article 12
All citizens may accede to public functions and employments, without other conditions than those
established by the law.
Article 13
No one shall be reduced to slavery or to any form of servitude [asservissement] of the human being,
or submitted to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments. These practices constitute
crimes against humanity and are punished as such by the law.
All persons are presumed innocent until the establishment of their culpability by a regularly
constituted jurisdiction.
No one can be prosecuted, arrested, detained or punished except in the cases determined by the law
and according to the forms that it prescribes.
The honor and the private life of the citizen, the inviolability of the human person, of his domicile and
of his correspondence are guaranteed by the State.
Article 14
The right to strike is recognized. It is exercised within the framework of the laws that regulate it.
The strike may be forbidden by the law for all public services or activities of vital interest to the
Nation.
It is forbidden in the domains of Defense and of National Security.
Mauritania 1991 (rev. 2012)
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