Article 16 Paragraph (1) The universal service obligation shall constitute an obligation to provide a telecommunications network by telecommunications network operator so that the needs of the public to have access to telephones, especially in remote and/or undeveloped areas, can be met. In determining the universal service obligation, the government shall take into account the principle of making telecommunications services available to reach populated areas with good quality and appropriate tariffs. The universal service obligation, especially for areas which are geographically remote and economically not yet developed and requiring high development costs, including pioneer, hinterland, border land, remote areas and/or economically depressed areas. The obligation to construct telecommunications facilities for universal services shall be charged to permanent telecommunications network operators that have obtained licenses from the government in the form of long distance direct dialing service (SLJJ) and/or local connection service. Telecommunications network operators other than providers of the two types of services mentioned above shall give contributions. Paragraph (2) Other compensation as intended within the universal service obligation is the cost contribution for construction charged through interconnection costs. Paragraph (3) Self-explanatory. Article 17 Self-explanatory.