THE PALESTINE 28th September, 1936 GAZETTE 18. A n act or omission which would otherwise be an offence may be excused if the person accused can show that it was done or omitted to be done only i n order to avoid consequences which could not otherwise be avoided, and which if they had followed would have inflicted grievous harm or injury to his person or to his honour or his property or to the person or honour of others whom he was bound to protect or to property placed i n his charge: 979 Necessity, Provided that i n so acting he did no more than was reasonably necessary for that purpose, and that the harm inflicted by the act or omission was not disproportionate to the harm avoided. 19. A person is not criminally responsible for an act or omission if he does or omits to do the act under any of the following circumstances, that is to say:— (a) Justification, i n execution of the l a w ; ( b ) i n obedience to the order of a competent authority which he is bound by law to obey, unless the order is manifestly unlawful. Whether an order is or is not manifestly unlawful is a question of law. 20. A married woman is not free from criminal responsibility for doing or omitting to do an act merely because the act or omission takes place i n the presence of her husband. Compulsion by husband. 21. A person cannot be twice criminally responsible either under the provisions of this Code or under the provisions of any other law for the same act or omission, except i n the case where the act or omission is such that by means thereof he causes the death of another person, i n which case he may be convicted of the offence of which he is guilty by reason of causing such death, notwithstanding that he has already been convicted of some other offence constituted bv the act or omission. Person not to be twice criminally responsible for same offence. C H A P T E R P A R T I E S TO 22. F o r the purpose include a contravention. of this V . OFFENCES. chapter "offence" shall not 23. —(1) W h e n an offence is committed each of the following persons is deemed to have taken part in committing the offence, and to be guilty of the offence, and may be charged w i t h committing i t ; that is to say :— ( a ) every person who actually does the act or any of the acts, or makes the omission or any of the omissions which constitute the offence; ( b ) every person who does or omits to do any act for the purpose of enabling or aiding another person to commit the offence; >•. ( c ) every person who, whether or not he is present at the time the offence is committed, aids another person i n committing the offence. Definition, Principal offenders,