Article (11): 1. Contracts may be concluded through automated electronic data systems or directly between two or more electronic data systems previously designed and programmed to carry out such tasks on behalf of the two contracting parties. Such contracts shall be deemed valid and legally effective, notwithstanding the absence of direct intervention of any natural person in conclusion thereof. 2. Contracts may be concluded between an automated electronic data system and a natural person, only if said person is aware, or presumed aware, that said contract is being concluded and executed by an automated system. Article (12): An originator shall be deemed to have issued an electronic record if the record was sent by the originator personally, another person acting on his behalf, or an automated system programmed by him to do so on his behalf. Intermediaries shall not be deemed originators. The Regulations shall specify procedures and provisions related thereto. Article (13): 1. An electronic record shall be deemed sent upon entry to a data system that is not controlled by the originator. The Regulations shall set the technical standards for data systems and method of determining the time and place of sending or receiving a given electronic record.