23 agency has acted “within the limits of [Congress’s] delegation” of authority, Chevron, 467 U.S. at 865, and that its action is not “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law,” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). Critically, we do not “inquire as to whether the agency’s decision is wise as a policy matter; indeed, we are forbidden from substituting our judgment for that of the agency.” Ass’n of American Railroads, 978 F.2d at 740 (alteration and internal quotation marks omitted). Nor do we inquire whether “some or many economists would disapprove of the [agency’s] approach” because “we do not sit as a panel of referees on a professional economics journal, but as a panel of generalist judges obliged to defer to a reasonable judgment by an agency acting pursuant to congressionally delegated authority.” City of Los Angeles v. U.S. Department of Transportation, 165 F.3d 972, 978 (D.C. Cir. 1999). Second, we “sit to resolve only legal questions presented and argued by the parties.” In re Cheney, 334 F.3d 1096, 1108 (D.C. Cir. 2003), vacated and remanded on other grounds sub nom. Cheney v. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 542 U.S. 367 (2004); see also, e.g., United Parcel Service, Inc. v. Mitchell, 451 U.S. 56, 61 n.2 (1981) (“We decline to consider this argument since it was not raised by either of the parties here or below.”). “It is not our duty” to consider “novel arguments a [party] could have made but did not.” United States v. Laureys, 653 F.3d 27, 32 (D.C. Cir. 2011). “The premise of our adversarial system is that appellate courts do not sit as self-directed boards of legal inquiry and research, but essentially as arbiters of legal questions presented and argued by the parties before them.” Carducci v. Regan, 714 F.2d 171, 177 (D.C. Cir. 1983). Departing from this rule would “deprive us in substantial measure of that assistance of counsel which the system assumes—a deficiency that we can perhaps supply by other means, but not without altering the character of our institution.” Id. With these two critical