rela on. Chapter II Conclusion of Contracts Ar cle 469 The par es may conclude a contract in wri ng, orally, or in other forms. A wri ng refers to any form that renders the content contained therein capable of being represented in a tangible form, such as a wri en agreement, le er, telegram, telex, or facsimile. A data message in any form, such as electronic data interchange and e-mails, that renders the content contained therein capable of being represented in a tangible form and accessible for reference and use at any me shall be deemed as a wri ng. Ar cle 470 The content of a contract shall be agreed by the par es and generally includes the following clauses: (1) name or designa on and domicile of each party; (2) objects; (3) quan ty; (4) quality; (5) price or remunera on; (6) me period, place, and manner of performance; (7) default liability; and (8) dispute resolu on. The par es may conclude a contract with reference to the various types of model contracts. Ar cle 471 The par es may conclude a contract by making an o er and acceptance or other means. Ar cle 472 An o er is an expression of intent to conclude a contract with another person, and the expression of intent shall conform to the following condi ons: the content shall be speci c and de nite; and it is indicated therein that the o eror is to be bound by his expression of intent upon acceptance thereof by an o eree. Ar cle 473 An invita on to o er is a manifesta on that a person expects another person to make an o er to him. Auc on announcements, bidding announcements, stock prospectuses, bond prospectuses, fund prospectuses, commercial adver sements and promo ons, and mailed price catalogs, and the like, are invita ons to o er. A commercial adver sement and promo on shall cons tute an o er if its content conforms to the condi ons for an o er. Ar cle 474 The me when an o er becomes e ec ve shall be governed by the provisions of Ar cle 137 of this Code. Ar cle 475 An o er may be withdrawn. The withdrawal of an o er shall be governed by the provisions of Ar cle 141 of this Code. Ar cle 476 An o er may be revoked, unless under any of the following circumstances: (1) the o eror has explicitly indicated that the o er is irrevocable by specifying a me limit for acceptance or in any other manner; or (2) the o eree has reasons to believe that the o er is irrevocable and the o eree has made reasonable prepara ons to perform the contract. Ar cle 477 Where an expression of intent to revoke an o er is made in a real- me communica on, the content of such expression of intent shall be known to the o eree before the o eree makes an acceptance; where an expression of intent to revoke an o er is not made in a real- me communica on, it shall reach the ti ff ti ti ti ti ff ti ff ti ff ti ff ff ff ff ti ti ti ti ff ff tt ti ff ti ff ti fi ti ff ti ff ff tt fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ff ti ff ff ff ti ti ff ff ti ff ti ti ti ti ti ff ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti 52