Ar cle 128 Where there are laws par cularly providing for the protec on of the civil-law rights of the minors, the elderly, the disabled, women, or the consumers, such provisions shall be followed. Ar cle 129 Civil-law rights may be acquired through the performance of a civil juris c act, the occurrence of an act de facto, the occurrence of an event as prescribed by law, or by other means provided by law. Ar cle 130 The persons of the civil law enjoy their civil-law rights according to their own will and in accordance with law free from any interference. Ar cle 131 While exercising civil-law rights, the persons of the civil law shall perform their obliga ons which are provided by law and agreed with the other par es. Ar cle 132 No person of the civil law shall abuse his civil-law rights and harm the interests of the state, the public interests, or the lawful rights and interests of others. Chapter VI Civil Juris c Acts Sec on 1 General Rules Ar cle 133 A civil juris c act is an act through which a person of the civil law, by expression of intent, creates, alters, or terminates a civil juris c rela onship. Ar cle 134 A civil juris c act may be accomplished through unanimous consent of two or more par es, or through one party’s unilateral expression of intent. Where a legal person or an unincorporated organiza on makes a resolu on in accordance with the procedure and vo ng method provided by law or s pulated in its ar cles of associa on, such a resolu on is accomplished as a civil juris c act. Ar cle 135 A civil juris c act may be done in wri ng, orally, or in any other form; where a speci c form is required by laws or administra ve regula ons, or agreed by the par es, it shall be done in such a form. Ar cle 136 Unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the par es, a civil juris c act takes e ect at the me it is accomplished. A person that performs a civil juris c act may not change or revoke the act without authoriza on, unless doing so is in compliance with law or as consented to by the other party. Sec on 2 Expression of Intent Ar cle 137 An expression of intent made in a real- me communica on becomes e ec ve from the me the person to whom the intent is expressed is aware of its content. An expression of intent made in a form other than a real- me communica on becomes e ec ve from the me it reaches the person to whom the intent is expressed. Where such an expression of intent is made through an electronic data message and the person to whom the intent is expressed has designated a speci c data-receiving system, it becomes e ec ve from the me such a data message enters that system; where no data-receiving system is speci cally designated, it becomes e ec ve from the me the person to whom the intent is expressed knows or should have known that the data message has entered the system. Where the par es have agreed otherwise on the e ec ve me of the expression of intent made in the form of an electronic data message, such an agreement shall prevail. Ar cle 138 Where an expression of intent is not made to any speci c person, it becomes e ec ve when the expression is completed, unless otherwise provided by law. ti ti ti ti fi ff ti ti ti ff ff ti ti ti ti ff ti ti ti ti ff ti ti ti ti ti fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ff ti ti ti ff ti fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti 17 ti ti ti such provisions shall be followed.

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