Ar cle 313 A er a bona de transferee acquires the movable property, the original rights in the movable
property is ex nguished, unless the bona de transferee knows or should have known of such rights at the
me of the transfer.
Ar cle 314 Where a lost thing is found, it shall be returned to its right holder. The nder shall, in a mely
manner, no fy its right holder or hand it over to the relevant departments such as the department for public
security.
Ar cle 315 Where the relevant department receives a lost thing and knows who is its right holder, the
department shall, in a mely manner, no fy him to collect the lost thing; where the department does not
know who is the right holder, it shall issue a lost-and-found no ce in a mely manner.
Ar cle 316 A nder shall well keep a lost thing before it is delivered to the relevant department, and the
relevant department shall well keep it before it is collected. A person who, inten onally or by gross
negligence, causes the lost thing in his custody to be destructed, damaged, or lost shall bear civil liability.
Ar cle 317 The right holder of a lost thing shall, at the me of collec ng it, pay to the nder or the relevant
department the necessary expenses, such as the expense for safekeeping the lost thing.
Where a right holder has o ered a reward for nding the lost thing, he shall, at the me of collec ng the lost
thing, perform his obliga ons as promised.
Where a nder misappropriates the lost thing, he is neither en tled to request reimbursement of expenses
such as the expense for safekeeping the lost thing, nor en tled to request the right holder to perform the
obliga ons as promised.
Ar cle 318 Where a lost thing has not been claimed by anybody within one year from the date the lost-andfound no ce is publicized, the lost thing is to be escheated to the State.
Ar cle 319 Where a dri ing thing is found or a thing buried underground or hidden is discovered, the
provisions rela ng to the nding of lost things shall be applied muta s mutandis, unless otherwise provided
by law.
Ar cle 320 Where a principal thing is transferred, the accessary thereof shall be transferred concomitantly,
unless otherwise agreed by the par es.
Ar cle 321 Unless otherwise agreed by the par es, the natural fruits of a thing shall be acquired by the
owner of the thing, or by a usufructuary if there are both an owner and a usufructuary of the thing.
The legal proceeds of a thing shall be acquired as agreed by the par es if there is such an agreement, or,
where there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, in accordance with the course of dealing.
Ar cle 322 A thing, that is created as a result of processing, or combining or mixing with another thing or
things, shall be owned as agreed if there is such an agreement, or in accordance with law if there is no
agreement or the agreement is unclear, or, in the absence of any provisions in law, be determined in
compliance with the principles of making full use of the thing and protec ng the party without fault. Where
damage is caused to another party owing to one party’s fault or owing to the determina on of the
a ribu on of the thing, indemnity or compensa on shall be paid.
Part Three Rights of Usufruct
Chapter X General Rules
Ar cle 323 A usufructuary has the right to possess, use, and bene t from the immovable or movable
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without the right to disposi on.
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