1. Those who conduct business without business registration, in contravention of the registered contents or without separate license if so required by law, in one of the following cases, shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and fifty million dong or non-custodial reform for up to two years: a) The offenders have already been administratively sanctioned for these acts or sentenced for these crimes or for any crime defined in Articles 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 164, 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236 and 238 of this Code, have not yet been entitled to criminal record remission but continue committing the violations; b) The goods involved in the offense are valued between one hundred million dong and under three hundred million dong. 2. Committing the crime in one of the following cases, the offenders shall be sentenced to between three months and two years of imprisonment: a) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations; b) Falsely presenting as an organization which does not actually exist; c) The goods involved in the offense are valued at three hundred million dong or more; d) Gaining big illicit profits. 3. The offenders may also be subject to a fine of between three million dong and thirty million dong. Article 160.- Speculation 1. Those who take advantage of scarcity or create the sham scarcity of goods during natural calamities, epidemics and/or war time and buy up goods in great quantity for re-sale in order to gain illicit profits, thus causing serious consequences, shall be subject to a fine of between five million dong and fifty million dong or a prison term of between six months and five years. 2. Committing such crimes in one of the following circumstances, the offenders shall be sentenced to between three and ten years of imprisonment: a) In an organized manner; b) Abusing positions and/or powers; c) Abusing the names of agencies or organizations; d) The speculated goods are in very great quantity;

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