Part 4 Duration of Protection Article 15 The financial rights to any piece of artistic work shall be protected during the life of the Author and for fifty calendar years after his or her death. Protection for original, artistic or literary work shall ensure for the following periods: 1. With regard to a work of joint authorship, the rights shall be protected for fifty calendar years from the date of the death of the last surviving co-author; 2. With regard to audio-visual or collective work, the rights shall be protected for fifty years as from the date on which the work was first published. For works that are not published, the term of protection shall run from the first day of the calendar year after the completion date of the work; 3. With regard to a work published under a pseudonym or published anonymously, the rights shall be protected for fifty calendar years from and including the date on which the work was first published. Nevertheless, where the pseudonym used by the author leaves no doubt as to the author's identity, the term of protection shall be calculated as from the date of the author's death. This provision applies where the author reveals his identity before the expiration of the protection period. Article 16 In the event that protection runs from the date on which the work was first published, under the provision of this Law, the date of the first publication shall be the date on which the period of protection shall commence, irrespective of subsequent publications, unless the author has, on republication, introduced substantive changes that render the work to be considered a new work. If the work comprises several Parts or, Parts of the work are published separately at different stages, each Part shall be considered a separate work with regard to the calculation of the periods of protection. Article 17 The moral rights provided for in this Law shall be perpetual and transferable by inheritance following the Author's death. Where the Author dies without a beneficiary, the relevant Ministry shall undertake the protection of such rights. Part 5 Restrictions on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Article 18 The following uses of a protected work are permitted without the Author's express authorization: 1. Use of the work exclusively for personal enjoyment, through reproduction, translation, quotation, musical arrangement, acting, receiving broadcasts, televiewing, photography or by any other means; 2. Use of the work by way of illustration for teaching, through publications, broadcasts, sound or visual recordings, and films or by any other means, to the extent justified by the purpose, provided that the use is non-profit-making and that such illustration is attributed to the source and the Author. The uses provided for in Article 18 Paragraph 1 and Article 18 Paragraph 2 shall neither conflict with any usual exploitation of the work nor unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author; 3. The citing of a paragraph of a work in another work for the purpose of illustration, demonstration or criticism, within acceptable practice and as justified by the purpose, provided that such illustration is attributed to the source and the Author. Article 19 The reproduction in a newspaper or periodical, the broadcasting or other communication to the public of an article published in a newspaper or a periodical on current political, economic, social, cultural or religious topics or a broadcast work of the same character shall be permitted. This permission is subject