28th September, 1936 THE PALESTINE GAZETTE 1015 200. A n y person who, for the purposes of trade or otherwise, makes loud noises or offensive or unwholesome smells i n such places and circumstances as to annoy any considerable number of persons i n the exercise of their common rights, is liable to be punished as for a common nuisance. Offensive trades. CHAPTER X X . DEFAMATION. 201.—(1) A n y person who, by print, w r i t i n g , painting, effigy, or by any means otherwise than solely by gestures, spoken words, or other sounds, unlawfully publishes any defamatory matter concerning another person, with intent to defame that other person, is guilty of a misdemeanour. Such misdemeanour is termed libel. Definition of libel. (2) A person publishes a libel if he causes the print, w i l t i n g , painting, effigy or other means by w h i c h the defamatory matter is conveyed to be exhibited, communicated or distributed to two or more persons collected together or separately. Communication by open letter or postcard, whether sent to the person defamed or to any other person, constitutes publication. 202. —(1) A n y person who unlawfully publishes any defamatory matter concerning another person by spoken w o r d s - w i t h intent to defame that other person, is guilty of a misdemeanour and is liable to imprisonment for one year. Such misdemeanour is termed slander. Definition of slander. (2) A person publishes a slander if he utters the words publicly i n the presence of the person attacked i n an assembly, or i n a place where other persons would be able to hear, or, i n the absence of the person attacked, by communication to two or more persons collected together or separately. 203. —(1) M a t t e r is defamatory which imputes to a person any crime or misconduct i n any public office or w h i c h is likely to injure h i m i n his occupation, calling or office, or to expose h i m to general hatred, contempt or ridicule. Definition of defamatory matter. (2) I n this section " c r i m e " means any offence punishable under this Code, and any act punishable under any law i n force w i t h i n Palestine and also any act, wheresoever committed, w h i c h if committed by a person w i t h i n Palestine would be punishable under any law i n force within Palestine. (3) It is not necessary for libel or slander that a defamatory meaning should be directly or completely expressed; and it suffices i f such meaning, and its application to the person alleged to be defamed, can be collected either from the alleged libel or slander itself or from any extrinsic circumstances, or partly by the one and partly by the other means. 1 204. E v e r y person who publishes or threatens to publish any libel concerning any other person, or directly or indirectly threatens to print or publish or directly or indirectly proposes to abstain from printing or publishing any matter or thing touching any other person, w i t h intent to extort any money, or security for money, or valuable thing from such or any other person, or w i t h intent to induce any person to confer or procure for any person any appointment or office of profit or trust, is guilty of a misdemeanour. Publishing or threatening to publish libel, or proposition to abstain from publishing anything with intent to extort.