Art. 3. If it is impossible to establish the identity of the owner at the time when the periodical was published, the printer is liable in place of the owner. Art. 4. If a person disseminates a periodical which lacks information concerning the name of the printer, or if such information is known to the disseminator to be incorrect and the identity of the printer cannot be ascertained, the disseminator is liable in place of the printer. On liability for non-periodical printed matter Art. 5. Liability under penal law for an offence against the freedom of the press committed by means of non-periodical printed matter lies with the author, if he or she has been identified as the author of the printed matter in the manner prescribed in Chapter 3, Article 2. The author is not, however, liable if the matter was published without his or her consent, or if his or her name, pseudonym, or pen-name appeared therein against his or her will. Art. 6. If an author is not liable under Article 5 for matter which includes or is intended to include contributions from several authors, and if a particular editor has been identified in the manner prescribed in Chapter 3, Article 2, the editor is liable. In the case of printed matter other than printed matter under paragraph one, the editor is liable only if the author was deceased when the matter was published. The editor is not liable if his or her name, pseudonym, or penname appeared on the matter against his or her will. The editor of non-periodical printed matter is understood to be the person who, without being the author, delivers the matter for printing and publication. Art. 7. If neither the author nor the editor is liable under Article 5 or 6, or if, when the matter was published, he or she was deceased, the publisher is liable. The publisher of non-periodical printed matter is understood to be the person who has undertaken to print and publish the writings of another. Art. 8. If there was no publisher, or if the identity of the publisher cannot be ascertained, the printer is liable in place of the publisher. 231