‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﺎ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺓ ﺳﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ؛ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺠﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻖ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻖ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻳﺤﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ؛ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺒﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ" ﻟﻠﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ" ﺇﻟﻰ "ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺏ؛ ﺗﺠﺴﻴﺪﺍ ﻻﻧﺒﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻳﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻳﺨﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺨﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺮﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳ��ﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺑﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮﺍﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬