Page 10 (4) If the work consists of several parts or volumes, published separately or over a period of time, each part or volume shall be considered an independent work for the purposes of the computation of its protection period. (5) Protection period for sound works, audio-visual works, films, collective works and computer programs is fifty years from the date of the first show or publication of the work, regardless of republication. (6) Protection period for applied art (handcrafted or manufactured) and photographs shall be twenty five years of the date of publication. Computation of the period starts in this case on the date of the first publication of the work, regardless of republication. Second: (1) Protection period for broadcasting organizations shall be twenty years from the date of the first transmission of programs or broadcast materials. (2) Protection period for the producers of sound recordings and performers shall be fifty years from the date of performance or its first recording, as the case may be. Article 20: Validity of Protection to the Works Antecedent to the Law Literary, artistic and scientific works, acoustic recordings and broadcasting programs published before the date this Law is effective, pursuant to the periods specified in Article (19) of this Law, shall be protected, provided that the protection period under the previous Law has not expired and that protection was not terminated in the countries of origin which are parties with the Kingdom to international agreements or treaties for the protection of copyright. Chapter Six Provisions of Infringements and Penalties Article 21: Infringements The following acts shall be deemed infringements on the rights protected by the Law: (1) Publishing a work not owned by the publisher, publishing it under the pretence of its ownership or without obtaining a written authorization or a contract with the author of the work, his heirs or their representatives. (2) Amendment of the contents of a work, its nature, subject or title without the knowledge of the author and his prior written consent thereof, whether the amendment is made by the publisher, the producer, distributor or anyone else. (3) Reprinting the work by the producer, the publisher or the printer without obtaining prior written consent of the copyright owner, or having the documents authorizing the reprint. (4) Removal of any written or electronic information that may lead to forfeiting the owner’s copyrights.