encryption, digital signatures, and other authentication techniques to enhance the integrity and
credibility of digital evidence.
Prioritize Necessity, Purposiveness, and Proportionality
It is recommended to emphasize the importance of considering the necessity, purposiveness, and
proportionality of digital investigations. Furthermore, it is also recommended that the digital evidence
governance system must ensure that investigative actions are justified, targeted, and proportionate to
the objectives, minimizing unnecessary intrusion and respecting individuals' rights.
Ensure Admissibility and Reliability of Evidence
It is recommended to provide clear guidance on the admissibility and reliability of digital evidence,
including photos, videos, audio recordings, CDs, and expert opinions. There should also be adherence
to established legal standards and verification processes will enhance the credibility of evidence
presented in court proceedings.
Improve Public Awareness and Training
It is also recommended to conduct public awareness campaigns and training programs for law
enforcement officials, legal professionals, and the general public on the importance, legal frameworks,
and best practices related to digital evidence. It is also recommended to foster collaboration between
relevant stakeholders, including government agencies, legal experts, technologists, and civil society
organizations, to exchange knowledge, share experiences, and develop innovative solutions to
emerging challenges in digital evidence.
Review and Update Existing Legislation
It is recommended to regularly review and update existing laws and regulations related to digital
evidence to address emerging technological advancements, global best practices, and evolving human
rights standards. It is further suggested to ensure that new legislation is consistent with international
standards, human rights principles, and Nepal's constitutional guarantees, including the right to
privacy, freedom from self-incrimination, and equality before the law.
Establish Accountability Mechanisms
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