20 I see no problem with the general idea. Indeed, it seems to me it captures an important truth about any sector of the economy. Though the subsectors may compete over rents, the prosperity of each subsector depends on the prosperity of the others—at least it does so unless some wholly disruptive technology replaces one of the subsectors. American wheat producers, American railroads, steamship lines, and wheat consumers around the globe participate in a virtuous cycle; medical device inventors, hospitals, doctors, and patients participate in a virtuous cycle. Innovation, to be sure, is especially robust in the information technology and application sectors, but a mutual relationship between subsectors pervades the economy. There is an economic classification issue that the Commission does not really tackle: whether broadband internet access is like transportation or is a platform in a twosided market, i.e., a business aiming to “facilitate interactions between members of . . . two distinct customer groups,” David S. Evans & Richard Schmalensee, The Industrial Organization of Markets with Two-Sided Platforms, 3 COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL 151, 152 (2007), which in this case would be edge providers and users. (Two-sided markets are barely discussed at all, with the only mentions of any sort in the Order at ¶¶ 151 n.363, 338 & n.890, 339 n.897.) Although the Commission seems at one point to characterize broadband internet access as a two-sided market, see id. ¶ 338, it nowhere develops any particular consequences from that classification or taps into the vast scholarly treatment of the subject. The answer to the question may well shed light on the reasonableness of the regulations, but in view of the Commission’s non-reliance on the distinction we need not go there. I do not understand the Commission to claim that its new rules will have a direct positive effect on investment in

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