51 III. Having thus rejected petitioners’ arguments against reclassification, we turn to US Telecom’s challenges to the Commission’s regulation of interconnection arrangements— arrangements that broadband providers make with other networks to exchange traffic in order to ensure that their end users can access edge provider content anywhere on the internet. Broadband providers have such arrangements with backbone networks, as well as with certain edge providers, such as Netflix, that connect directly to broadband provider networks. In the Order, the Commission found that regulation of interconnection arrangements was necessary to ensure broadband providers do not “use terms of interconnection to disadvantage edge providers” or “prevent[] consumers from reaching the services and applications of their choosing.” 2015 Open Internet Order, 30 FCC Rcd. at 5694 ¶ 205. Several commenters, the Commission pointed out, had emphasized “the potential for anticompetitive behavior on the part of broadband Internet access service providers that serve as gatekeepers to the edge providers . . . seeking to deliver Internet traffic to the broadband providers’ end users.” Id. at 5691 ¶ 200. As authority for regulating interconnection arrangements, the Commission relied on Title II. “Broadband Internet access service,” it explained, “involves the exchange of traffic between a . . . broadband provider and connecting networks,” since “[t]he representation to retail customers that they will be able to reach ‘all or substantially all Internet endpoints’ necessarily includes the promise to make the interconnection arrangements necessary to allow that access.” Id. at 5693–94 ¶ 204. Because the “same data is flowing between the end user and edge consumer,” the end user necessarily experiences any discriminatory treatment of the edge provider, the Commission reasoned, making interconnection