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Expediente T-8.858.560 M.P. Jorge Enrique Ibáñez Najar FUNCION DE INTELIGENCIA Y CONTRAINTELIGENCIA-Sujeción a la Constitución, el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el derecho internacional humanitario UNIDAD NACIONAL DE PROTECCIÓN-Deberes y obligaciones como responsable en la administración y tratamiento de datos personales de las personas protegidas HABEAS DATA EN LEY DE INTELIGENCIA Y CONTRAINTELIGENCIA-Suministro de información a organismos homólogos de inteligencia sujeto a protocolos de seguridad SUMINISTRO DE INFORMACION AMPARADA POR RESERVA LEGAL A ORGANISMOS DE INTELIGENCIA-No implica desconocimiento de la reserva legal SUMINISTRO DE INFORMACION AMPARADA POR RESERVA LEGAL A ORGANISMOS DE INTELIGENCIA-Sujeto a suscripción de convenios interinstitucionales de mutuo acuerdo/CONVENIOS INTERINSTITUCIONALES PARA EL SUMINISTRO DE INFORMACION AMPARADA POR RESERVA LEGALRequerimientos mínimos (i) mantener la reserva leal, obligatoria para todos y cada uno de quienes suscriban y participen en dichos convenios; (ii) su objetivo debe ser claro, específico e imperioso; (iii) no comprometer el núcleo esencial de los derechos fundamentales, entre ellos, la honra, el buen nombre, la intimidad personal y familiar, el habeas data, el debido proceso y el principio de legalidad; (iv) debe definir el asunto que comprende, el alcance de la colaboración, su temporalidad y las formalidades que debe cumplir. Así, deben registrarse los responsables, los motivos o razones y los métodos. El convenio debe limitarse a lo estrictamente indispensable para cumplir la función, empleándose los medios menos invasivos; (v) estar sujeto a controles y supervisiones; (vi) establecer mecanismos que garanticen las reclamaciones de las personas; y (vii) no implicar interceptación o registro de comunicaciones, por cuanto ello impondría la existencia de una previa orden de autoridad judicial, en los casos y con las formalidades que establezca la ley. EXHORTO-Unidad Nacional de Protección/EXHORTO-Fiscalía General de la Nación REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA 3

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Duque v. National Protection Unit (UNP)

Case Law

Country

Colombia

Country Location

Latitude: 3.0016069525797207

Longitude: -73.96890197152884

Country Location (linked Case Law): Colombia

Decision Date: Aug 3, 2023

Case Status: Closed

Case Outcome (Procedural)

Affirmed in Part/Reversed in Part

Case Outcome (Disposition)

Access to Information Granted

Keywords

Data Protection and Retention
Digital Rights
Privacy
Surveillance

Judicial Body: Constitutional Court

Court Name: Constitutional Court of Colombia

Case Number: T-294-23

Case Summary: The Constitutional Court of Colombia held that the National Protection Unit (Unidad Nacional de Protección, or UNP) violated Claudia Duque’s right to habeas data by not delivering information that had been collected through a GPS installed in a bulletproof vehicle it provided for her security, and by refusing to delete her personal data from their records. Duque, a journalist, and human rights defender, benefited from protective measures ordered by both the Constitutional Court and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights due to the harassment she suffered. However, she claimed that the armored car the UNP gave her had a GPS that tracked her movements without her consent and put her in danger since the information was used to illegally spy on her. She asked for the removal of the GPS and requested all the information that had been collected on her and its subsequent destruction. The UNP claimed that the GPS was part of the protective measures, refused to delete Duque’s information from its databases, and delivered the collected data partially. Considering her rights had been violated, Duque filed a tutela action. On appeal, the Court considered that the UNP did not violate Duque’s rights by installing a GPS in the bulletproof car, although it ruled that there had been a violation of the right to habeas data, which entails the right to know which personal information is being stored in public databases, to authorize the content’s processing, deletion, or the possibility of adding additional information. The Court ordered the UNP to deliver the requested information in full and to destroy the data that was not strictly necessary to guarantee Duque’s protection, or to comply with the unit’s transparency and accountability obligations.

Case Significance: While the Court, in this case, did not consider that the unconsented collection of Duque’s personal data—from a GPS installed in a bulletproof vehicle that the UNP had provided her—entailed risks to the journalist’s security, it upheld previous standards regarding the protection of journalists and human rights defenders, particularly women. In this sense, it provided valuable considerations about how these risks should be assessed and how protective measures should be determined and applied in specific cases. Furthermore, the Court consolidated a wide understanding of the right to habeas data and to access information—that is, to an extent, protective of the privacy of at-risk journalists and the delicate nature of their investigations.

The decision establishes a binding or persuasive precedent within its jurisdiction.

Related Caselaw (self)

Duque v. National Protection Unit (UNP)

Related Law

Constitution of Colombia

Source URL: Global Freedom of Expression

Collection

Columbia

Date Updated: Jul 19, 2024

Primary Documents

Decision (in Spanish)
Spanish
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CYRILLA: Global Digital Rights Law

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Duque v. National Protection Unit (UNP)

Primary Documents

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