Ar cle 177 Where two or more persons assume shared liability in accordance with law, each person shall bear the liability in propor on to their respec ve share of fault if such share can be determined, or in equal share if such share cannot be determined. Ar cle 178 Where two or more persons assume joint and several liability in accordance with law, the right holder has the right to request some or all of them to bear the liability. The persons subjected to joint and several liability shall each bear the liability in propor on to their respec ve share of fault, or in equal share if such share cannot be determined. A person who has assumed the liability more than his share of fault has the right to contribu on against the other person(s) subjected to the joint and several liability. Joint and several liability shall be either imposed by law or s pulated in the agreement of the par es. Ar cle 179 The main forms of civil liability include: (1) cessa on of the infringement; (2) removal of the nuisance; (3) elimina on of the danger; (4) res tu on; (5) restora on; (6) repair, redoing or replacement; (7) con nuance of performance; (8) compensa on for losses; (9) payment of liquidated damages; (10) elimina on of adverse e ects and rehabilita on of reputa on; and (11) extension of apologies. Where puni ve damages are provided by law, such provisions shall be followed. The forms of civil liability provided in this Ar cle may be applied separately or concurrently. Ar cle 180 A person who is unable to perform his civil-law obliga ons due to force majeure bears no civil liability, unless otherwise provided by law. “Force majeure” means objec ve condi ons which are unforeseeable, unavoidable, and insurmountable. Ar cle 181 A person who causes harm to the tor easor out of a jus able defense bears no civil liability. A person who, when ac ng out of jus able defense, exceeds the necessary limit and thus causes undue harm to the tor easor shall bear appropriate civil liability. Ar cle 182 Where a person, when seeking to avoid a peril in response to an emergency, causes harm to others, the person who creates the peril shall bear civil liability. Where the peril is caused by natural forces, the person who causes harm to others by seeking to avoid the peril bears no civil liability, provided that he may make appropriate compensa on. Where the measures adopted by a person seeking to avoid a peril in response to an emergency are improper or exceed the necessary limit and thus cause undue harm to others, the person shall bear appropriate civil liability. Ar cle 183 Where a party is injured for protec ng the civil-law rights and interests of another person, the tor easor shall bear civil liability, and the bene ciary may make appropriate compensa on to the injured person. In the absence of a tor easor, or if the tor easor ees or is incapable of assuming civil liability, upon request of the injured person, the bene ciary shall make appropriate compensa on. Ar cle 184 A person who voluntarily engages in rescuing another person in an emergency situa on and thus causes harm to the la er person bears no civil liability. Ar cle 185 A person who infringes upon the name, likeness, reputa on, or honor of a hero or a martyr and ti ti ti ti ti ti fi ti ti ti ti ti ti fl tf ti tf fi ti ti ti ti fi fi ti tf ti ff ti ti tt tf ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti tf ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti 22