African Union Legal Instrument iii) c) 2. P a g e | 29 Encourage the private sector and solicit its commitment and participation in government-led initiatives to promote cyber security. Cyber security governance should be established within a national framework that can respond to the perceived challenges and to all issues relating to information security at national level in as many areas of cyber security as possible. Institutional framework Each State Party shall adopt such measures as it deems necessary in order to establish appropriate institutions to combat cyber-crime, ensure monitoring and a response to incidents and alerts, national and cross-border coordination of cyber security problems, as well as global cooperation. Article 28: 1. International cooperation Harmonization State Parties shall ensure that the legislative measures and/or regulations adopted to fight against cyber-crime will strengthen the possibility of regional harmonization of these measures and respect the principle of double criminal liability. 2. Mutual legal assistance State Parties that do not have agreements on mutual assistance in cyber-crime shall undertake to encourage the signing of agreements on mutual legal assistance in conformity with the principle of double criminal liability, while promoting the exchange of information as well as the efficient sharing of data between the organizations of State Parties on a bilateral and multilateral basis. 3. Exchange of information State Parties shall encourage the establishment of institutions that exchange information on cyber threats and vulnerability assessment such as the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) or the Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs). 4. Means of cooperation State Parties shall make use of existing means for international cooperation with a view to responding to cyber threats, improving cyber security and stimulating dialogue between stakeholders. These means may be international, intergovernmental or regional, or based on private and public partnerships.