on Press and Publication; Decree-Law No. 14 of 1982 concerning the Deposit of Works at the Qatar Public Library; Decree-Law No. 16 of 1993 concerning the organization of activities pertaining to advertising, public relations, artistic production and works of art; Decree-Law No. 32 of 1993 concerning organization of the Ministry of Economy and Trade; Law No. 25 of 1995 on the Protection of Works of Intellect and Copyrights; Decree No. 11 of 1997 concerning the establishment of the Qatari Public Broadcasting Corporation; Emiri Order No. 1 of 2002 concerning the amendment of the Council of Ministers; Decree No. 50 of 1986 concerning the accession of the State of Qatar to the Arab Agreement for the Protection of Authors’ Rights; Decree No. 24 of 1995 concerning the accession of the State of Qatar to the Agreement estab Law No. 8 of 1979 Part 1 Definitions Article 1 In the implementation of this Law, the following words and expressions shall have the meaning given for each, unless the context requires otherwise: “Ministry” means the Ministry of Economy and Trade; “Minister” means the Minister of Economy and Trade; “Bureau” means the Bureau of the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights; “Work” means any original artistic or literary work; “Author” means any natural person who conceived and originated the work; “Year” means calendar year; “Publication” means the production of works or sound recordings to meet the needs of the public, subject to the consent of the Author, copyright­holder or sound recording producer; “Reproduction” means the production of one or more copies of work by means of printing, painting, engraving, or photography in any form or in any manner, including permanent or temporary storage in electronic form; “Audio-visual work” means the work that consists of a series of related images that give the impression of movement, with or without accompanying sounds, capable of being made visible and, where accompanied by sounds, capable of being made audible; “Sound recording” means any exclusively aural fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds, regardless of the method by which the sound or performance are captured and regardless of the medium in which the work is stored; the fixation of sounds accompanying an audio-visual work is not included in this definition.; “Producer” means any natural or juristic person that takes the initiative to, and has responsibility for, making the audio­visual or aural work; “Broadcasting” means communication of a work, a performance or a sound recording to the public by wireless transmission, including transmission by satellite (Satel); “A collective work” means a work created by a number of  natural persons at the initiative and under the direction of one single person or juristic entity that undertakes the responsibility of publishing the work under his or its name provided that it is impossible to distinguish the individual contribution of each (choirs); “Work of joint authorship” means a work in the making of which two or more persons participated and each of whose work can be separately identified; “Work of applied art” means an artistic creation with utilitarian functions or incorporated in a useful article whether hand­made or produced on an industrial scale; “Communication to the public” means the transmission by means of electromagnetic waves of images or sounds, or both, of a work, a performance, a sound recording or a broadcast “Owner of copyright” means one of the following persons: 1. The Author 2. Any natural or juristic person in which the financial rights are originally vested; 3. Any natural or juristic person to whom the ownership of the financial rights has been transferred; “Performers” means singers, musicians and other persons, who sing, present, act, play or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or folkloric material; “Public performance” means performing a work, whether directly or by means of any device or process, by recitation, playing, dancing, acting or otherwise presenting the work: performance is deemed to be public if it can be perceived at a place where persons outside the normal circle of the family and its closest acquaintances are or can be present; “Neighbouring Rights” means rights that protect performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations; “National folklore” any expression that consists of distinctive elements of the traditional artistic heritage originating or developed in the State of Qatar and reflects its artistic heritage shall be considered to be national folklore, including in particular the following expressions: 1. Oral expressions such as tales, popular poetry and riddles; 2. Musical expressions such as popular songs accompanied by music;