8 NO ENERGY, NO INTERNET Access to electricity is also a major supply and demand side constraint on broadband adoption in the country. Half of the Mozambican population has no access to electricity, compared to only six percent in South Africa and 33 percent in Nigeria. The use of solar energy in Mozambique is high at 24 percent in comparison to one percent in South Africa and 0.04 percent in Nigeria. Only two percent of Mozambican households have water piped into their houses, while 84 percent do not have piped water at all (see Table 2). The majority of rural households (66%) reported not having access to electricity, while 32 percent of urban households reported the same. The After Access Survey shows that very few households in rural areas have access to telecommunication services (see Table 3). Despite the penetration of ICT services and devices being very low nationally, a significant location gap exists in access of telecommunications in Mozambique. Rural households, which are mostly either not connected to the main electricity grid or have no electricity at all, are less likely to have telecommunication services than urban households. The location gap is huge in Table 2: Percentage of households with water electricity access Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania South Africa No electricity 52% 68% 53% 6% Main electricity grid 24% 29% 33% 89% Generator 0.3% 0.3% 1% Solar 22% 3% 18% 1% No piped water 84% 80% 86% 27% Piped water into the yard 14% 18% 10% 33% Piped water into the house 2% 2% 4% 40% National Urban Rural Location gap Landline 1% 2% 0.1% 95.0% Desktop 2% 5 0.3% 94.0% Laptop 1% 7% 4.0% 43.0% Tablets 8% 15% 4.0% 73.0% Television 23% 40% 10.0% 75.0% Radio 37% 40% 35.0% 13.0% Source: RIA After Access survey data, 2017 Table 3: Percentage of households using ICTs Source: RIA After Access survey data, 2017 No energy, no Internet 10