iii CONTENTS FOREWORD IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VI 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. MANDATE 3 4 2.1 Vision 3. RISE OF THE DATA ECONOMY - NEED TO RE-THINK POLICY 7 3.1 Data as the basis for new social contract and innovation economy 7 3.2 Need for data governance - creating value, preventing harms 9 4. CONTEXT 10 4.1. Overview of international, regional policy and legislation trends 10 4.2 African policy and legislative context 11 4.3 Situational analysis for data economy in Africa 12 4.4. Arising challenges in realising opportunities and mitigating risk 13 5. DATA POLICY FRAMEWORK 18 5.1. Guiding principles of the framework 19 5.2 Data definition and categorisation 20 5.3 Enablers to drive value in the data economy 21 5.4 Data Governance 46 5.5. International and Regional Governance 57 5.6. Implementation Framework 62 REFERENCES 65 ANNEX - WORKING DEFINITIONS 69