Jurisprudence Shaping Digital Rights in Southeast Asia Table 1. Laws and regulations restricting access to the internet in SEA Country Filtering or blocking Internet shutdowns Indonesia Law no 11/2008 on Information and Electronic transaction (IET)12 No explicit and clearly defined article. Art 40 (2b) of the Law 19/2016 on the Information and Electronic transaction is used to legitimate cut-off access to the internet at large. Regulation of the Ministry of Communication and Informatics Number 5/2020 Regulations of Ministry of Communication and Informatics no 5/2020 Singapore Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) 201913 No explicit and clearly defined article. Malaysia Communication and Multimedia Act (CMA) 199814, (S 211, 233) No explicit and clearly defined article. Philippines Cyber Crimes Prevention Act (CPA), 2012, Republic Act No. 1017515 No explicit and clearly defined article. Thailand Act on Computer Crimes B.E. 2550 (2007)16 No explicit and clearly defined articles Thailand Direction of the National Telecommunication Committee (NTC) See https://cyrilla.org/entity/d535u3b8bqb?page=2&file=1588771957061ms6561whgso.pdf See https://www.pofmaoffice.gov.sg/regulations/protection-from-online-falsehoods-and-manipulation-act/ 14 See https://cyrilla.org/en/entity/s3x13ms7dxd 15 See https://cyrilla.org/en/entity/7xhv2dr8a8b 16 See https://cyrilla.org/en/entity/t8z9dyvsot 12 13 10