Price v. City of N.Y. 15 Civ. 5871 (KPF) (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 25, 2018) allegedly demonstrated by the allegations set forth above. She also contends that the City ratified the conduct of Obe, Brooks, and Pierre-Louis — essentially adopting their conduct — by their refusal to order Obe, Brooks, and Pierre-Louis to "unblock" her, despite Plaintiff's personally submitting requests to several City officials. (FAC ¶¶ 141-49). 10 Plaintiff further alleges that on November 17, 2016, during the pendency of this civil action, several unidentified persons harassed her inside of Penn Station. While this incident was occurring, MTA Officers John and Jane Doe approached the area, and after Plaintiff's harassers dispersed, Officer John Doe "attacked [Plaintiff] from behind without provocation," causing bruising on Plaintiff's arms and legs and knocking out one of her teeth. (FAC ¶¶ 150-52). *10 The officers handcuffed Plaintiff and stated that they intended to take her, involuntarily, "to Bellevue Hospital's psych ward." (Id. at ¶¶ 153-54). After a brief detention inside of an MTA police station, the officers instead took Plaintiff to St. Vincent's Hospital. There, Officer John Doe told a nurse to sedate Plaintiff, which the nurse did — again, without Plaintiff's consent. (Id. at ¶¶ 153-61). About eight hours later, Plaintiff "woke up" and was released from the hospital. (Id. at ¶ 164). As Plaintiff was leaving, a nurse "handed [Plaintiff] two tickets from MTA Officers John Doe and Jane Doe, one for public intoxication and one for disorderly conduct." (Id. at ¶ 168). In March 2017, the criminal court dismissed both charges because the allegations were facially insufficient. (Id. at ¶ 169). 11 following days, Plaintiff called the Transit Bureau several times but was given the same response each time: "no report had been made yet but [ ] call back the next day." (Id. at ¶¶ 174-75). Plaintiff eventually spoke with Lieutenant Raymond DeJesus, who promised a full investigation into the assault. After a week passed with no apparent action by the NYPD, Plaintiff spoke with Sergeant Shevitz, who also promised a full investigation into the incident. (Id. at ¶¶ 176- *11 80). As of the filing of the FAC, however, the NYPD and its officers had taken no action to investigate the assault. (Id. at ¶ 181). Plaintiff attributes the NYPD's inaction to the City's practice or custom of "deny[ing] service to individuals such as [Plaintiff] who are on a [']do not serve['] list or have been labeled a fabricator in the City's records." (Id. at ¶ 182). DISCUSSION Plaintiff's claims for relief, all under § 1983, can be organized into the following categories: Plaintiff adds that on January 24, 2017, also during the pendency of this civil action, members of the NYPD again denied her services. Plaintiff states that after she was assaulted by an unknown individual, she reported the incident to officers of the NYPD's 34th Precinct and Transit Bureau 3, including Officer Emmett, who told her to call the Transit Bureau on the following day to get an incident report number. (FAC ¶¶ 170-73). Over the 5