(3) For the purposes of this section — “utilisation” includes the making available of such works in computer networks, where access to the works is only available to enrolled pupils or students and their teachers. 20. � Reproduction by libraries and archives Any library or archive, whose activities do not serve direct or indirect commercial gain, may, without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright, make a copy of a work — (a) ­ by reprographic reproduction — (i) ­ where the work reproduced is a published article, other short work or short extract of a work; and (ii) ­ the purpose of the reproduction is to satisfy the request of a person, where — (A) ­ the library or archive is satisfied that the copy shall be used solely for the purposes of study, scholarship or private research; (B) ­ the reproduction of any particular work is an isolated act occurring, if repeated, on separate and unrelated occasions; and (C) ­ there is no collective licence available offered by a collective copyright management organization under which such copies can be made; (b) ­ to preserve, and, if necessary, replace a copy which has been lost, destroyed, or rendered unusable in its own permanent collection or the permanent collection of another similar library or archive, where it is impossible to obtain such a copy under reasonable conditions.