.. COPYRIGHT- SEPTEMBER 1990 -private use; -reports of current events on condition that use is limited to short fragments of a performance, a phonogram or a radio or television broadcast ; -use solely for the purposes of teaching and scientific research ; -quotations in the form of short fragments of a performance, a phonogram or a radio or television broadcast, on condition that they are compatible with fair practice and justified by the informatory purpose. Article 86. The authorization of ANPAC shall not be required where the fixation or reproduction is made by a radio or television organization using its own facilities and for its own broadcasts, on condition that -for each broadcast of a fixation, a performance or of reproductions thereof made under this Article, the radio or television organization is entitled to diffuse the performance concerned; -for each broadcast of a fixation, a broadcast or a reproduction of such fixation made under this Article, the radio or television organization has the right to diffuse the broadcast ; -any other fixation or reproduction be effected for purposes of conservation and archives. Chapter VI Procedure and Sanctions Article 87. Any natural or legal person whose neighboring rights have been infringed or are threatened with infringement may institute proceedings before the competent court. Article 88. Independently of the remedy provided above, any person who knowingly infringes or causes the infringement of rights protected under LAWS AND TREATIES Titl~ II of this Law shall be liable to the sanctions laid down by the Criminal Code as regards offenses against literary and artistic property, with the exception of the supplementary penalty of confiscation: · TITLE III-RIGHTS IN BLANK MEDIUMS Article 8ft. Any copy or reproduct~on reserved for the private use of the copier of works fixed on a phonogram .or videogram shall entitle ,the authors, performers, ··phonogram or ,videogram producers and radio or teievision producers to remuneration. The remuneration shall be collected prioJ;" tq any marketing of the produc;~ from the person.' who manufactures, caus~s to be manufactured or imports the . blank mediums referred to jn the first paragraph of this .Article. . r The amount of the remuneration shall be fixed at ten percent of the r~tail selling price, including all taxes, of the blank medium. · The remuneration shall be collected by ANPAC and shall be paid into the special fund referred to in Article 77 above. ,: · ··,. ' ~ -_. . .. j'l _., : • TITLE IV-MISCELLANEOUS Article 90. ANPAC alone shall be entitled to assume the exploitation and protection of the rights of intellectual creators on the national-t erritory. It shall automatically take the place of the professional organizations of authqrs hitherto·entitled to exercise an activity in Gabon. ''• ~. i . - Article 91. Regulatory texts ~hall be promulgated where necessary for the : application of this Law which repeals all earlier contrary provisions; shall be recorded, p~blis_hed -qij.der· the .emergency procedure and implemented as a Law of the State; -· ·t: -·":'· "' ·' :;·, -~ ,' .. . ~- l· _; ').~ h.. - . r.. . u :.;c -.:·_ ':,. 1 : , "' · .. ·<· -., -' ---' ·:-: : GA : GABON'- -T ext i -0 1, page 11