possible to distinguish the contribution of each author from the others, each of the joint authors shall be considered the author of his own contribution. In a joint work, none of the coauthors may, in the absence of any written agreement to the contrary, exercise copyright without the consent of the other authors. 7. In the case of a collective work, the natural person who, or legal entity which, took the initiative to create the work and supervise its execution shall, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, be considered the copyright holder. 8. In the case of a work created by natural persons working under a work contract for a natural person or legal entity in the course of performing their duties or professional obligations, the employer shall, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, be the copyright holder and shall exercise the rights provided for in Article 15 of this Law. 9. In the case of an audiovisual work, the producer shall, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, be considered the copyright holder. 10. In the case of anonymous and pseudonymous works, the natural person who, or legal entity which, published the work shall be considered the author. However should the identity of the author be revealed, he himself shall exercise these rights. 11. The person whose name is shown on a literary or artistic work in the commonly known way shall, unless proved otherwise, be considered the author. Chapter IV Criteria of Eligibility for Protection 12. The protection of this Law shall apply to the artistic and literary works of the following: - Lebanese authors, wherever they reside; - non-Lebanese authors who are nationals of, or resident in, a State party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works or the Universal Copyright Convention; - authors who are nationals of any State that is a member of the Arab League but which is not party to the above-mentioned Conventions, provided reciprocal treatment is applied; - producers of audiovisual works who have their headquarters or habitual residence in Lebanon or in any State party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works or the Universal Copyright Convention. 13. The protection of this Law shall apply to: - literary and artistic works first published in Lebanon; - literary and artistic works first published in a State party to one of the above-mentioned Conventions; - literary and artistic works first published outside Lebanon and outside the States party to one of the abovementioned Conventions, provided that they are published in Lebanon or in a State party to the abovementioned Conventions within 30 days of their publication in the other country. Chapter V Rights Enjoyed by Copyright Holders 14. The copyright holder shall enjoy economic and moral rights.