FRESSOZ AND ROIRE v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 4 THE FACTS I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 8. Mr Roger Fressoz and Mr Claude Roire, who are French nationals, lived in Paris at the material time. Mr Fressoz was born in 1921 and is a former publishing director of the weekly satirical newspaper Le Canard enchaîné. Mr Roire was born in 1939 and is a journalist on Le Canard enchaîné. A. The article at the heart of the case 9. September 1989 was a period of industrial unrest within the Peugeot motor company. The workforce's demands included pay rises, which the management, led by the company chairman and managing director Mr Jacques Calvet, refused to award. 10. On 27 September 1989, Le Canard enchaîné published an article by Mr Roire under the headline: “Calvet turbo-charges his salary” with the subhead: “His tax forms reveal more than he does. The Peugeot boss has given himself a 45.9% rise over the last two years.” The article itself included the following: “When Jacques Calvet appeared on the Antenne 2 programme 'L'heure de vérité' in October 1988, he refused to answer a question about his pay. This is seen as a publicrelations blunder on the part of the Peugeot boss, but the Canard is now in a position to put it right, thanks to the famous M.D.'s three most recent tax-assessment forms, which have come into our hands by chance. At the time of the broadcast, he was earning 185,312 francs net per month. These documents show that, between 1986 and 1988, Calvet's total salary (plus benefits in kind and sickness benefit) rose by 45.9%. According to Peugeot's own figures, the average pay of the group's 158,000 workers rose by 6.7% over the same two years – in other words, almost seven times less than the boss's.