[21] In international law human rights are traceable back to the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. It is true,
however, that the notion of human rights pre-dates 1948 by
more than a century. In 1776 Thomas Jefferson made a
momentous declaration in the following words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their creator with certain inalienable rights, that
among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness10.”
In the contemporary statement of human rights the words
“inalienable” and “equal” are pervasive.
[22] It is said that freedom of speech includes “political
discourse, commentary on one’s own affairs and on
public
affairs,
canvassing,
discussing
on
human
rights, journalism, cultural and artistic expression,
teaching and religious discourse. It also embraces
expression that may be regarded by some as deeply
offensive”11. The net is obviously very wide and has been
recently proclaimed to include the internet. 12
10
These words became part of the American Declaration of Independence and have been echoed numerous times,
including the 14th Amendment which gave Black Americans full citizenship in the United States of America.
11
See Note 8 above, at page 2. The authors make reference to the United Nations Human Rights Committee
General Comment No. 34 on the ICCPR.
12
A/HRC/32/ L20 (2016) at para 1.
16
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