22
UNITED STATES V. MOHAMUD
promoted terrorism. The court also highlighted that
Mohamud never showed any reluctance (unlike the defendant
in Sherman), and only thirteen minutes after meeting Youssef
in person, he said that he wanted to become “operational” by
using a car bomb.
After the verdict (but before sentencing), the government
filed a supplemental notice that it had “offered into evidence
or otherwise used or disclosed in proceedings, including at
trial” information derived from information collected
pursuant to § 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
of 1978 (“FISA”), 50 U.S.C. § 1881a (hereinafter referred to
as “§ 702”).12 Mohamud argued that this late notice
warranted suppression of this evidence (and any fruits
thereof). The government countered that FISA did not
provide for suppression in these circumstances, and in any
case, there was no substantial prejudice, as the district court
could conduct a post-trial suppression analysis. The district
court agreed, finding no misconduct in the late disclosure,
and that Mohamud had suffered no prejudice from the
delayed disclosure.
Mohamud also argued that suppression was warranted
because § 702 violates the First and Fourth Amendments, as
well as the separation of powers doctrine.13 As a threshold
12
Section 702 was added to by the FISA Amendments Act of 2008,
Pub. L. No. 110-261, 122 Stat. 2436, and was amended by the USA
FREEDOM Act of 2015, Pub. L. No. 114-23, 129 Stat. 268.
13
Here, Mohamud contended that U.S. Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Court (“FISC”) review of targeting and minimization
procedures under § 702 amounts to “providing a non-judicial advisory
opinion” and authorizes a rule-making role for judges in violation of the
non-delegation doctrine.
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