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Arrest and detention of a person shall not be permitted, except by an order or
a warrant issued by the Court or on other grounds as provided by law.
Search of the person or any act affecting the right or liberty in life or person
shall not be permitted except on the grounds as provided by law.
Torture, brutal acts or punishment by cruel or inhumane means shall not be
permitted.
Section 29. No person shall be subject to a criminal punishment unless he or
she has committed an act which the law in force at the time of commission provides to be
an offence and prescribes a punishment therefor, and the punishment to be imposed on such
person shall not be of greater severity than that provided by law in force at the time of the
commission of the offence.
A suspect or defendant in a criminal case shall be presumed innocent, and
before the passing of a final judgment convicting a person of having committed an offence,
such person shall not be treated as a convict.
Custody or detention of a suspect or a defendant shall only be undertaken as
necessary to prevent such person from escaping.
In a criminal case, a person shall not be forced to make a statement
incriminating himself or herself.
An application for a bail of a suspect or defendant in a criminal case shall be
accepted for consideration, and excessive bail shall not be demanded. The refusal of a bail
must be as provided by law.
Section 30. Forced labour shall not be imposed, except by virtue of a
provision of law enacted for the purpose of averting public calamity, or when a state of
emergency or martial law is declared, or during the time when the country is in a state of war
or armed conflict.
Section 31. A person shall enjoy full liberty to profess a religion, and shall
enjoy the liberty to exercise or practice a form of worship in accordance with his or her
religious principles, provided that it shall not be adverse to the duties of the Thai people,
neither shall it endanger the safety of the State, nor shall it be contrary to public order or
good morals.
Section 32. A person shall enjoy the rights of privacy, dignity, reputation and
family.
Disclaimer: This translation has been prepared by Legal Opinion and Translation Section, Foreign Law
Division under the legal duty of the Office of the Council of State for information purpose only. The original
Thai text as formally adopted and published shall in all events be the sole authoritative text having legal
force. The Office of the Council of State shall assume no responsibility for any liabilities arising from the
use and/or reference of this text.
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