(2) The National Council of Ministers shall be collectively answerable to the President and the National Legislative Assembly in the performance of its functions. (3) Ministers of the National Government shall be bound by decisions of the Council of Ministers. Contesting Ministerial Acts 117. Any person aggrieved by an act of the National Council of Ministers or a National Minister may contest such act before: (a) (b) the Supreme Court, if the alleged act involves a violation of this Constitution; or any other court of law or competent authority if the allegation is based on other legal grounds. Appointment, Removal and Functions of Deputy Ministers 118. (1) The President may appoint and remove Deputy Ministers. (2) The National Legislative Assembly shall approve the appointment of the Deputy Ministers by a simple majority of the members present and voting. (3) The Deputy Ministers shall assist the national Ministers in the performance of their functions and duties and shall act in their absence. (4) To assume office, a Deputy Minister shall, before the President, take the same oath of a Presidential Advisor as prescribed in Article 108 (2) of this Constitution. Vote of No Confidence Against a Minister 119. (1) The National Legislative Assembly may, by a resolution supported by a twothirds majority of all its members, pass a vote of no confidence against a Minister. (2) Upon a vote of no confidence being passed against a Minister, he or she shall resign or be removed from office by the President. (3) Proceedings for a vote of no confidence against a Minister shall be regulated by the Conduct of Business Regulations of the Assembly. Vacancy of the Office of a Minister or Deputy Minister 120. The office of a Minister or Deputy Minister of the National Government shall fall vacant in any of the following cases: (a) (b) acceptance of a written resignation by the President; removal from office by the President; 39