Electronic and Postal Communications (Competition) G.N. No. 420 (contd) relating to the prohibition of(a) anti-competitive agreements, arrangement or decisions of concerted practices; (b) abuse of dominant position; (c) anti-competitive mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, takeovers, or such anti-competitive arrangements that may result in changes in the market structure in terms of ownership and control; and (d) all other practices and acts with an adverse effect on fair competition including unfair methods of competition, unfair or deceptive acts or practices, the purpose or effect of which is to distort competition in the communications market. (2) A licensee shall not engage in any activity, whether by act or omission, which has, is intended or is likely to have the effect of unfairly preventing, restricting or distorting competition where the act or omission is done in the course of or as a result of or in connection with any business activity relating to communication services. (3) For the avoidance of doubt, a licensee shall be deemed to have engaged or to be engaged in an anti-competitive act, if he, commits or omits an act that has an appreciable effect on fair competition in the communications market. Acts of unfair competition   6. An act or omission of a licensee with a dominant position, whether independently or in any form of collusion with others, shall constitute or amount to an abuse of its dominant position where the act or omission involves: (a) price abuses or anti-competitive pricing like predatory pricing, price squeezes, crosssubsidizations, price-discrimination or any form of direct or indirect imposition of unfair purchasing, selling prices or other unfair trading conditions; (b) any conduct which exploits customers or suppliers through excessively high prices or discriminatory prices or terms, conditions or conducts which removes or limits competition from existing 72