The U.S. District Court of Northern California held that an amended complaint to hold Twitter, Inc. liable for providing material support to the Islamic State group (IS) by allowing its members to have accounts was barred by the Communications Decency Act. The Plaintiffs argued that Twitter was liable under the Anti-Terrorism Act for providing material support to IS by allowing IS members to sign up for Twitter accounts and that this support resulted in the killing of their family members. The Court reasoned that the provision of accounts by Twitter to IS members is publishing activity, just like monitoring, reviewing, and editing content.  Therefore even though the plaintiffs' claims remained inherently tied up with IS’ use of Twitter to spread propaganda, the platform was protected from liability for third-party speech under section 230(c) (1) of the CDA.