EMPOWERING ONLINE VOICES: A CYRILLA POLICY BRIEF ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5 Conclusion This policy brief highlights the intricate balance between free speech and its impact on other human rights, emphasising the expanded domain of expression through the internet. However, it also raises concerns about regulations that potentially restrict online speech, particularly in the context of technology-facilitated gender-based violence, disinformation, and misinformation in digital platforms. Countries like Ethiopia, Togo and Malawi demonstrate varying degrees of control over digital spaces, often leading to significant implications for democratic processes and human rights. Efforts to address these issues include legal advocacy, court decisions, and the development of comprehensive policies. This policy brief underscores the need for a multifaceted approach involving enhanced digital literacy, collaboration among stakeholders, and robust legal frameworks to ensure that freedom of expression is upheld while mitigating harmful online practices. This holistic strategy is essential for fostering a safer, more inclusive digital environment that respects fundamental rights and promotes democratic engagement. 13