COPYRIGHT - MARCH 1992 LAWS AND TREATIES CHAPTER II legal person who has communicated that work to the public for the first time. General rule Article 11. .(1) Copyright shall belong, except where otherwise explicitly provided,.to .theperson who has created the literary, artistic or scientific work. Works offolklore (2) Unless otherwise proven, the person under whose name or pseudonym the work has been com­ municated to the public shall be deemed the creator ofthe work concerned. Works ofjoint authorship AlticJ~J2~(UE~c~pt where.otherwise explicitly agreed, copyright in a work of joint authorship shall belongjointly, as a whole, to all those persons who have participated in its creation; the inseparable contribution of each of the authors shall be consid­ ered as being of equal value. (2) Where it is possible to distinguish the indi­ vidual contribution of one of the joint authors, the person concerned may exercise the author's rights relating to his contribution where that does not prejudice use of the joint work. Collective works Article 13.(1) The.copyright in a collectivework shall vest in the natural or legal ~person who has organized and directed its creation and under whose name the work has been disclosed or pub­ lished. (2) However, where it is possible to distinguish within the wholeof the collectivework the personal production of one or more contributors, the rules regarding works of joint authorship shall apply to the rights in such personal production. (3) Newspapers and other periodicals shall be deemed to be collective works and the copyright in such works shall belong to the respective enter­ prises. Anonymous works or works of unknown authors Article 14. Where the identity of the author has not been legally established, the copyright in a work published anonymously or in a work of an un­ known author shall be exercised by the natural or AO Article 15. (1) Copyright in works of folklore of which the author is unknown shall belong to the State which shall exercise it through the interme­ diary of the State Secretariat for Culture, notwith­ standing the rights of those who have made collec­ tions or transcriptions or arrangements of such works, on condition that the collections, transcrip­ tions .or arrangements concerned respect the au­ thenticity of the works and show originality. (2) However, works of folklore may be freely used by a public person for non-lucrative pur­ poses. (3) Copies of works of Angolan folklore, as also copies.oftranslations, adaptations, arrangements or other transformations of such works, made abroad without the authorization of the competent author­ ity, may neither be imported nor distributed. Special rules' Article 16. (1) Except where otherwise-explicitly agreed, the copyright in works created either under an employment contract or service contract or in the exercise of duties, shall belong to the natural or legal person to whom the production owes its ori­ gin. (2) Notwithstanding the above paragraph, the producer shall conserve his right to remuneration for.uses of the works beyond the framework of the corresponding contract or the purpose for which they have been created. (3) Notwithstanding the rights of each of the contributors-the director and the authors of the plot, adaptation, sequence, dialogues and music­ in their individual contributions, copyright shall belong to: (a) the producer, in the case of a cinemato­ graphic work or a work produced by pro­ cesses analogous to cinematography; (b) the sound or visual broadcasting organiza­ tions, in the case of sound or visual broad­ casts; (c) the publisher, in the case of newspapers, reviews, encyclopedias or other similar pub­ lications. ANGOLA - Text 1-01, page 3